# In-House Bending

Thanks to our own in-house bending equipment, TPS can manufacture U-tubes ready for installation, for example for the use in heat exchangers, condensers, recuperators and other thermotechnical machines. With straight leg lengths of up to 9 m, our production complies with common standards or with the customer’s specification. If requested, the bent portion of the U-tubes can be heat treated.

 Tolerance on radii Rt rm 1,5 x da up to rm 200: +/- 1,0 mm rm > 200 up to rm 400: +/- 1,5 mm rm > 400 +/- 2,0 mm Straight leg length difference a Straight leg length ≤ 6000 mm: - 0 / + 3 mmStraight leg length > 6000 mm: - 0 / + 5 mm Straight leg length tolerance l Straight leg length ≤ 6000 mm: - 0 / + 3 mmStraight leg length > 6000 mm ≤ 9000 mm: - 0 / + 4 mmStraight leg length > 9000 mm: - 0 / + 5 mm Total length tolerance lg ≤ 6000 mm: - 0 / + 5 mm > 6000 mm: - 0 / + 8 mm Flattening of the bent area Acc. TEMA RCB-2.31: max. 10% flattening from the nominal OD Deviation from the roundness R [%] rm ≤ 4 x da: $R=\frac{da}{5xrm}x\mathrm{100\left[%\right]}$ rm ≤ 4 x da: ≤ 5 % Calculation of the ovality: Wall thinning of the bent area Smin Acc. TEMA R-2.31 for radii larger than 1,5da: max 17% wall thinning Flatness tolerance t rm ≤ 300 mm: ≤ 1,5 mmrm > 300 mm: ≤ 2,0 mm Deviant tolerances With radii <1,5 x da tolerances deviating from the tolerance standard must be defined for the ovality/flattening and minimum wall in the bent area.Bending of titanium/titanium alloy U-tubes is possible for radii 2 x da